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The Mongolian seige of Bagdad in 1258. Double-page from Rashid al-Din's (1247 - 1318) enormous universal history, the "Jami al-Tawarikh". 320 x 230 mm Herat, Afghanistan; around 1430-1434 The Jami al-Tawarikh was commissioned by Mahmud Ghazan, begun as a history of the Mongols and their dynasty and then expanded to include history from Adam to Rashid al-Din's present day. It was completed during the reign of Oljeitu in 1307-1316. The Jami' al-Tawarikh is perhaps the single most comprehensive Persian source on the Mongol period. Sayf Al-Vahedi, who worked as painter in the workshop-library of Baysonqor, is the author of the majority of the illustrations of this manuscript. Realized on a double page, this painting illustrates the siege of Baghdad by the Mongolian armies of Hulagu Khan in 1258. Caliph Al-Musta'sim crosses the bridge on the Tigris, ready to meet Hulagu Kahn (grandson of Genghis Khan). On the top of the walls of the city a Persan poem written by Sayf Al-Vahedi celebrates the charm of Baghdad.
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The Mongolian seige of Bagdad in 1258. Double-page from Rashid al-Din's (1247 -...

Mongol warriors on horseback from Rashid Al-Din's (1247 - 1318) enormous universal history, the "Jami al-Tawarikh"; 14th Century CE. The Jami al-Tawarikh was commissioned by Mahmud Ghazan, begun as a history of the Mongols and their dynasty and then expanded to include history from Adam to Rashid al-Din's present day. It was completed during the reign of Oljeitu in 1307-1316. The Jami' al-Tawarikh is perhaps the single most comprehensive Persian source on the Mongol period.
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Mongol warriors on horseback from Rashid Al-Din's (1247 - 1318) enormous univers...

Zodiaque médical - Medical Zodiac. From "Secundum philosophorum deliramenta". Italy; 9th century CE.
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Zodiaque médical - Medical Zodiac. From "Secundum philosophorum deliramenta"....

King David of Israel with harp and companions. From the First Bible of Charles the Bald (also known as the Count Vivian Bible or the Vivian Bible). 846 CE; 495mm x 345 mm
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King David of Israel with harp and companions. From the First Bible of Charles...

Peter the Hermit shows the crusaders the way to Jerusalem during the first crusade. From the manuscript "Roman du Chevalier du Cygne". Peter the Hermit (died 1131) was a priest of Amiens, and a leader of the First Crusade. According to Anna Comnena, he attempted to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem before 1096, but was prevented by the Turks from reaching his destination. Illuminated manuscript on parchment; about 1270 Ms 3139 fol. 176v
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Peter the Hermit shows the crusaders the way to Jerusalem during the first crusa...

King Louis IX of France embarking for the last crusade in 1270. From the History of Saint Louis. Illuminated manuscript; 1280.
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King Louis IX of France embarking for the last crusade in 1270. From the History...

Two men playing chess from the "Book of Games". The Libro de los Juegos, ("Book of Games"), or Libro de ajedrez, dados y tablas, ("Book of chess, dice and tables") was commissioned by Alfonso X, King of Leon and Castile, during the 13th century between 1251 and 1283. It consists of 98 pages, with 150 color illustrations. The games covered include chess (including the earliest known European chess problems), dice, and tables (the family of games that includes backgammon). It contains the earliest known description of some of these games, including many games imported from the Arab kingdoms. It is one of the most important documents for researching the history of board games.
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Two men playing chess from the "Book of Games". The Libro de los Juegos, ("Book...

The Jacquerie at Meaux (1358). From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgium; third half of the 14th century. The Jacquerie was a popular revolt in late medieval Europe that took place in northern France in 1358, during the Hundred Years' War. The revolt centered in the Oise Valley north of Paris. These rebellions were known as the Jacquerie after the peasant revolutionary Guillaume Caillet, popularly known as Jacques Bonhomme ("Simple Jack") or Callet. The revolt was suppressed by French nobles led by Charles the Bad of Navarre. Caillet, who was the leader of the rebellion, was captured by the French nobles and tortured to death by use of red-hot irons. The word "Jacquerie" became a synonym for peasant uprisings, and for centuries the nobility lived in fear of a repeat performance.
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The Jacquerie at Meaux (1358). From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgiu...

The siege of Ascalon by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem (1130-1162) in 1153 during the Second Crusade. From Sebastien Mamerot's "Les Passages d'outremer faits par les Français contre les Turcs depuis Charlemagne jusqu'en 1462". Illuminated manuscript on parchment (287 sheets, 32x23 cm). Bourges, France; 1474-1475.
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The siege of Ascalon by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem (1130-1162) in 1153 during...

The battle of Crécy: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376, son of Edward III of England) commanding the English army including longbow archers against the strong French troops. From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgium; third half of the 14th century. The Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August, 1346, near Crécy, in northern France and was one of the most important battles of the Hundred Years' War. Because of new weapons and tactics used, the battle is seen by many historians as the beginning of the end of chivalry. The battle in which a much smaller English army commanded by Edward III of England and heavily outnumbered by Philip VI of France's force was victorious as a result of superior weaponry and tactics. It was a battle where the effectiveness of the English longbow, used en masse, was proven against armoured knights.
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The battle of Crécy: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376, son of Edward III of En...

Battle of Neville's Cross (near Durham, England) in 1346 between English and Scottish troops led by King David II of Scotland. From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgium; third half of the 14th century.
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Battle of Neville's Cross (near Durham, England) in 1346 between English and Sco...

Battle of Poitiers between England (Edward, the Black Prince) and France (Jean le Bon) in 1356, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years' War. From Les Grandes Chroniques de France, France; 1375-79. BNF 2813 , Fol. 399
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Battle of Poitiers between England (Edward, the Black Prince) and France (Jean l...