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Manesse Codex (sheet 219v): Wartburg was the seat of the Thuringian landgraves until 1440, and as a place of courtly culture it became the venue of the Sängerkrieg, the Minstrels' Contest, around 1207 with contestants such as Walther von der Vogelweide, Wolfram von Eschenbach, Albrecht von Halberstadt, and many others, taking part. The Manesse Codex or Grosse Heidelberger Liederhandschrift (Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg Library, Cod. Pal. germ. 848) is a book copied and illustrated between 1305-1340 in Zürich, presumably compiled by Johannes Hadlaub. It contains love songs in Middle High German by important poets, several of whom were famous rulers. The term for these poets, Minnesänger, combines the words for "romantic love" and "singer", reflecting the content of the poetry, which adapted the Provençal troubador tradition to German. This manuscript has 137 portraits of the authors which depict each poet, some of them as idealized knights, dressed in their own heraldic colors and devices, making it possible for readers to identify them.
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Manesse Codex (sheet 219v): Wartburg was the seat of the Thuringian landgraves u...

Murder of the Marshals of Normandy and Champagne by Etienne Marcel's soldiers before the eyes of the Dauphin (later King Charles V the Wise 1337-1378) on Frebruary 22, 1358. From Les Grandes Chroniques de France, France; 1375-79. BNF 2813 , Fol. 409v
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Murder of the Marshals of Normandy and Champagne by Etienne Marcel's soldiers be...

The Battle of Gisors in 1198 between the English led by Richard I Lionheart and the French under King Philip II Auguste. From "Chroniques de France ou de Saint Denis, vol. 1". France; second quarter of 14th century. Shelfmark: Royal 16 G. VI Page Folio Number: f.360
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The Battle of Gisors in 1198 between the English led by Richard I Lionheart and...

King Richard II gives a charter to Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham creating him Earl Marshal of England in 1386. England, London; 1386-1399. Shelfmark: Cotton Nero D. VI Page Folio Number: f.85
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King Richard II gives a charter to Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham creating h...

King Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199) embarks on the Third Crusade (1191). From the chronicle of David Aubert. Illuminated manuscript; 15th century.
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King Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199) embarks on the Third Crusade (1191). From t...

King Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199) watches Muslim prisoners being beheaded after the capture of Acre in 1189. When it became apparent that Saladin was not willing to pay the terms of the treaty at Acre, Richard had more than 3.000 Muslim prisoners executed on August 20 outside of Acre in full view of Saladin's camp. From Sebastien Mamerot's "Les Passages d'outremer faits par les Français contre les Turcs depuis Charlemagne jusqu'en 1462". Illuminated manuscript on parchment (287 sheets, 32x23 cm). Bourges, France; 1474-1475.
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King Richard I Lionheart (1157-1199) watches Muslim prisoners being beheaded aft...

The battle of Crécy: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376, son of Edward III of England) commanding the English army including longbow archers against the strong French troops. From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgium; third half of the 14th century. The Battle of Crécy took place on 26 August, 1346, near Crécy, in northern France and was one of the most important battles of the Hundred Years' War. Because of new weapons and tactics used, the battle is seen by many historians as the beginning of the end of chivalry. The battle in which a much smaller English army commanded by Edward III of England and heavily outnumbered by Philip VI of France's force was victorious as a result of superior weaponry and tactics. It was a battle where the effectiveness of the English longbow, used en masse, was proven against armoured knights.
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The battle of Crécy: Edward the Black Prince (1330-1376, son of Edward III of En...

Battle of Neville's Cross (near Durham, England) in 1346 between English and Scottish troops led by King David II of Scotland. From Jean Froissart's Chroniques; Bruges, Belgium; third half of the 14th century.
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Battle of Neville's Cross (near Durham, England) in 1346 between English and Sco...

Battle of Poitiers between England (Edward, the Black Prince) and France (Jean le Bon) in 1356, resulting in the second of the three great English victories of the Hundred Years' War. From Les Grandes Chroniques de France, France; 1375-79. BNF 2813 , Fol. 399
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Battle of Poitiers between England (Edward, the Black Prince) and France (Jean l...

The Burghers of Calais (Les Bourgeois de Calais) giving up the keys of the city to King Edward III of England in 1347, during the 100 Years War. Illuminated manuscript; France; 15th century. FR 2663, fol. 164
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The Burghers of Calais (Les Bourgeois de Calais) giving up the keys of the city...

Surrender of Cherbourg to the French under the command of King Charles VII in 1450. From "Vigiles du feu roi Charles septième". Illuminated manuscript; France; 15th century.
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Surrender of Cherbourg to the French under the command of King Charles VII in 14...

The coronation procession of Richard I, with the Barons of the Cinque Ports. From the Chroniques d'Angleterre by Jean de Wavrin. S. Netherlands (Bruges?); circa 1470-1480. Shelfmark: Royal 15 E. IV Page Folio Number: f.257v
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The coronation procession of Richard I, with the Barons of the Cinque Ports. Fro...