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Anthropology, Archaeology, Astronomy, Chemistry, Geography, Mathematics, Physics etc.



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Samples of silver from Greek coins. The coins were analysed to determine the geographic origin of the silver.
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Samples of silver from Greek coins. The coins were analysed...

X-ray fluorescence test in analysing Greek silver slag for lead, copper, and silver.
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X-ray fluorescence test in analysing Greek silver s...

Radiochemical neutron activating analysis. Coins were analysed to determine the geographic origin of the silver ore.
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Radiochemical neutron activating analysis. Coins were ana...

A meeting of scientists, from a book of tales. From Herat, Afghanistan, 1488 30.5 x 21.5 cm, see also 02-01-01/27 Inv.Ms Arab Farsi 908
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A meeting of scientists, from a book of tales. From Herat, Afghanistan,...

The Rosetta stone,an irregularly shaped stone of black basalt,found in 1799 near the town of Rosetta (Rashid) near Alexandria by Napoleon's armies. The inscription is a priestly decree affirming the royal cult of the 13-year old Ptolemy V. With its inscriptions by priests of Memphis, in Hieroglyphs, (suitable for a priestly decree) demotic (the native script used for daily purposes) and Greek (the language of the administration), it permitted Champollion,in 1821,to decypher hieroglyphs. EA 24
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The Rosetta stone,an irregularly shaped stone of black basalt,found in 1799 nea...

Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. A number of documents have survived that allow us insight into the ancient Egyptians' approach to mathematics. This papyrus is the most extensive. It is not a theoretical treatise, but a list of practical problems encountered in administrative and building works. The text contains eighty-four problems concerned with numerical operations, practical problem-solving, and geometrical shapes. The majority of literate Egyptians were scribes and they were expected to undertake various tasks. These must have demanded some mathematical as well as writing skills. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is also important as a historical document, since the copyist noted that he was writing in year 33 of the reign of Apophis, the penultimate king of the Hyksos 15th Dynasty (about 1650-1550 BCE) and was copied after an original of the 12th Dynasty (about 1985-1795 BCE). On the other side of the papyrus "year 11" is mentioned, with a reference to the taking of some Egyptian towns. This probably refers to the fighting between the Egyptians and the Hyksos before the beginning of the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BCE). However, it is not certain to which king "year 11" refers. Length: 319 cm, width: 34.3 cm; from Thebes, Egypt Around 1550 BCE (end of the Second Intermediate Period) EA 10057
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Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. A number of documents have survived that allow us i...

Cuneiform tablet with observations of Venus, Neo-Assyrian from Niniveh, northern Iraq, 7th BCE. The text of the tablet is a copy, made at Niniveh in the 7th BCE, of observations of the planet Venus made in the reign of Ammisaduqa, king of Babylon, about 1000 years earlier. ANE, K.160
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Cuneiform tablet with observations of Venus, Neo-Assyrian from Niniveh, northern...

Burial chamber of an adolescent male lying in a bed of red ochre with a large number of grave goods, nicknamed "Il Principe" ("The Prince"). From the archaeological site of Arene Candide on the Ligurian coast near Savona, Italy. Dated to the Upper Paleolithic (Gravettian) period.
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Burial chamber of an adolescent male lying in a bed of red ochre with a large nu...

Burial chamber of "Man of Menton" from the caves of Balzi Rossi. Bones and soil around the skelleton showed an intense red color, caused by powder of ochre the corpse was sprinkled with. The skull was adorned with marine shells. Upper Palaeolithic
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Burial chamber of "Man of Menton" from the caves of Balzi Rossi. Bones and soil...

Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, dating to approximately 35,000 years ago. The archaeological site at La Ferrassie in the Dordogne has one of the best examples of Neanderthal collective burial places.
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Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, dating to approximately 35,000 year...

Wax reconstruction of Neanderthal man.
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Wax reconstruction of Neanderthal man.

A Neanderthal tomb burial from La Chapelle aux Saints, France, dating from about 50,000 years ago. The extreme infirmities of the skeleton of an old man found at La Chapelle suggest that he was cared for by other members of his clan, or he would not have survived as long as he did. Such discoveries helped to change the original perception of Neanderthals as being brutish and ape-like.
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A Neanderthal tomb burial from La Chapelle aux Saints, France, dating from about...