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Catherine of Aragon, (1485-1536), daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and first wife of King Henry VIII. The Pope's refusal to let the King divorce her, led to the separation of the Anglican from the Catholic Church. Oakwood, 35x26.5 cm Inv.7046
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Catherine of Aragon, (1485-1536), daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon a...

Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer (1473-1543). Portrait from his xenotaph in Saint John's Church, Torun, Poland.
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Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer (1473-1543). Portrait from his xenota...

Galileo Galilei, astronomer (1564-1642). Canvas, 57 x 40 cm Inv. 7976
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Galileo Galilei, astronomer (1564-1642). Canvas, 57 x 40 cm...

Trial of Galileo Galilei before the Inquisition, 1633. The scientist and astronomer proved Copernicus' and Kepler's theories of a sun-centered system, a theory the Catholic Church had declared erroneous.
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Trial of Galileo Galilei before the Inquisition, 1633. The scientist and astron...

The private chapel of Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556), founder of the Jesuit Order, in his native castle of Loyola, Spain. Altar where he prayed after his con- version.The altar painting was given to Loyola's sister by Queen Isabella. Book and bell belonged to Loyola.
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The private chapel of Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556), founder of the Jesuit Or...

King Henri III of France (1551-1589), last king of the House of Valois, third son of Catherine de' Medici. His reign saw the civil war between Huguenots and the Catholic League.Henri III was assassinated by a monk of the League. Canvas, 199 x 117 cm Inv.81
#26010326

King Henri III of France (1551-1589), last king of the House of Valois,...

Maria de Medici (1573-1641), wife of Henri IV, regent for Louis XIII after the assassination of Henri IV. Canvas, 54 x 48 cm Inv. 5601
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Maria de Medici (1573-1641), wife of Henri IV, regent for Louis XIII after the...

Rudolf II Emperor (1552-1612). Canvas (around 1600-1603) 60 x 48 cm Inv. 6438
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Rudolf II Emperor (1552-1612). Canvas (around 1600-1603...

Gustav Adolph, King of Sweden (1594-1632). Leader of the Protestants during the Thirty Years War. He died in the battle of Luetzen in 1632. Father of Queen Christina, last of the House of Wasa. Canvas, 77.5 x 59.5 cm Inv. 8316
#26010329

Gustav Adolph, King of Sweden (1594-1632). Leader of the Protestant...

Troops mass outside the Vienna Imperial Palace, shouting for "Nandl", Emperor Ferdinand II, to appear. The scene marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War in 1618.
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Troops mass outside the Vienna Imperial Palace, shouting for "Nandl", Em...

Baruch de Spinoza, (1632-1677), Jewish philosopher. His "Tractatus theologico-politico" defends freedom of thought and tolerance.
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Baruch de Spinoza, (1632-1677), Jewish philosopher. His "Tractatus theologic...

Saint Francis of Sales (1567-1622), Bishop of Geneva, preacher and writer against the Reformation, founder of the Order of the Salesian nuns.
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Saint Francis of Sales (1567-1622), Bishop of Geneva, preacher and writer agai...