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Model of the city of Pergamon, around 150 BCE. The Zeus Altar in foreground, theatre centre left, Trajaneum on the top-terrace. German engineer Carl Hamann discovered the remains of the marble sculptures in 1871. They were removed to Berlin.
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Model of the city of Pergamon, around 150 BCE. The Zeus Altar in foreground, the...

Overall view of the Zeus altar, erected around 180 BCE at Pergamon. The lower frieze: War of the Gods against the Giants. The smaller upper frieze: Illustration of the local Telephos myth. Model of Pergamon in center glass-case.
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Overall view of the Zeus altar, erected around 180 BCE at Pergamon. The lower fr...

North-side of the Zeus altar erected by Eumenes II around 180 BCE at Pergamon. The frieze: War of the Gods against the Giants.
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North-side of the Zeus altar erected by Eumenes II around 180 BCE at Pergamon. T...

A dying Gaul at the feet of the Goddess Themis. Zeus Altar, erected 180 BCE by Eumenes II. Although the sculptures illustrate the war of the Gods against the Giants, the altar was erected to celebrate the victory over the Gauls.
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A dying Gaul at the feet of the Goddess Themis. Zeus Altar, erected 180 BCE by E...

The Goddess Nyx (or a fury?) throws a vase around which coils a snake. The flowing folds of her robe are crossed by pleats caused by folding the dress. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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The Goddess Nyx (or a fury?) throws a vase around which coils a snake. The flowi...

One of Artemis' dogs attacks a Giant who has fallen at the Goddess' feet and leans on her shoe. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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One of Artemis' dogs attacks a Giant who has fallen at the Goddess' feet and lea...

A Giant falls at the feet of Aphrodite who steps on his face with her sandal. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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A Giant falls at the feet of Aphrodite who steps on his face with her sandal. Ze...

A Giant falls to the feet of Aphrodite who, with her elegantly decorated sandal, steps on his face. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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A Giant falls to the feet of Aphrodite who, with her elegantly...

Athena fights Gaia's sons while Gaia, Goddess of the Earth, emerges from below and tends a hand to one of her fallen sons. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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Athena fights Gaia's sons while Gaia, Goddess of the Earth, emerges from below a...

Zeus and his companions during the battle against the Giants. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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Zeus and his companions during the battle against the Giants. Zeus Altar of Perg...

A Giant bites the arm of a God who catches him in a stranglehold. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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A Giant bites the arm of a God who catches him in a stranglehold. Zeus Altar of...

A dying Giant pushes his sword into the side of a lion. Zeus Altar of Pergamon erected around 180 BCE by Eumenes II.
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A dying Giant pushes his sword into the side of a lion....